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Best Shoes for Wide Feet

If you have wide feet, finding shoes can prove to be a challenging task. Many traditional shoes have a narrow structure, especially through the midfoot and toe box. As a result, people with wider feet struggle to find something comfortable. The discomfort of poor-fitting shoes can lead to many issues over time, some of which can be serious. While many shoe brands offer wide sizing options, it’s often not enough to provide comfort, and many will find their toes are still pinched. Minimalist-style shoes may be a better, more comfortable choice for people with wide feet. Keep reading to learn why barefoot shoes and minimalist footwear may be the most comfortable shoes for wide feet. You’ll also see how finding a comfortable, properly fitting shoe could protect your feet from some of the long-term issues that may occur when you regularly wear shoes that are too tight or that pinch. When You Wear Shoes That Don’t Fit Your Wide Feet Too often, people with wide feet have a hard time finding shoes that fit. That can lead to wearing shoes that are too tight or narrow, despite searching for comfortable shoes and trying several different options. Even wearing footwear with a wide shoe size, you may still find your toes and feet feel crammed into the shoe. People who wear shoes that are too tight or fit poorly may experience long-term issues, including: Bunions: These bone deformities are painful and happen over time when there is pressure consistently put on the big toe pushing it up against other toes. One cause of bunions may be wearing shoes that have a narrow toe box. Corns and Calluses: Thickened skin can form in areas with pressure or friction. Blisters: Continuous rubbing creates these, and when you’re standing or walking in a shoe that rubs an existing blister, the pain can get unbearable. Hammer Toe: This deformity occurs when a toe becomes bent at its middle joint. One cause of hammer toe is shoes that don’t fit properly. Neurological Damage: Nerve compression can result in Morton's neuroma and other conditions. Pain and Postural Issues: Postural issues and pain can result from back, hip, and knee problems. Needless to say, these issues can impact your overall well-being and affect your balance, mobility, and posture. So what kind of shoes can help people with wide feet avoid these problems? If you find that the wide version of brands selling conventional or “normal” shoes don’t fit, it may be time to seek another option. Barefoot shoes are designed around a foot’s anatomy, including how your foot bends and flexes naturally as you move. As part of that design, you’ll find that these shoes have a wider, foot-shaped toe box that may be better at accommodating your wide feet. Comparing Traditional Shoes With Barefoot Shoes How are barefoot shoes different from conventional footwear? There are several key differences. For those with wide feet, these differences may be just what you need for the right fit. Conventional footwear typically has a raised heel, narrow toe box, and rigid sole. These features constrict natural foot spread and movement for anyone, but especially for anyone with wide feet. Barefoot shoes are different and offer multiple benefits for wide-footed people: A wider, foot-shaped toe box allows your toes to spread out naturally and doesn’t put pressure on your toes. Zero-drop-sole construction keeps the forefoot and heel at an even level against the ground, for natural gait and spinal alignment Flexible materials let the foot move and bend without restriction The minimalist design avoids unnatural support, letting foot muscles work and get stronger These features accommodate wide feet, providing comfort and flexibility without pinching your toes. Barefoot Shoes Provide Comfort for Those With Wider Feet If you've struggled to find comfortable shoes for wide feet, then barefoot shoes might be the answer. For anyone who stands, runs, or walks for long periods of time, barefoot shoes give their feet functional freedom. The zero-drop design, wide toe box, and minimalist structure let your feet move naturally. The enhanced flexibility and natural positioning allow you to enjoy your posture and full balance, so every step you take can feel more comfortable and stable. Xero Shoes: Made For Wide Feet Xero Shoes are designed for how human feet are shaped. They’re wide enough to let your toes spread and splay, and flexible enough to allow you to move freely and naturally. The good news is that we have all types of minimalist-style footwear for any activity, fitness level, or lifestyle–perfect for men and women with wide feet. We have shoes for running, walking, hiking, and just hanging out. We even have waterproof shoes and boots… all designed to comfortably fit your feet. In fact, here are a few publications that agree: Field & Stream features the Xero Shoes Scrambler Mid as the best hiking shoe for wide feet. MindBodyGreen recommends the best minimalist running shoe for wide feet is Xero Shoes' Prio. And our customers seem to agree with these publications! “I have extra wide feet and shoes always pushed my baby toes under so I was walking on them. So I figured I had nothing to lose by trying these. I am so thankful I did! I will never buy any other shoe again. Xero shoes are my hero!” “I’ve always had trouble finding shoes that fit my wide feet and these are just so comfy. I’ve tried other foot-shaped shoes but they were not as normal looking as these which go with everything. I should have gotten a half size down from my usual sneaker size but I switched to a thicker insole and it works.” No matter what type of shoe you’re looking for, our barefoot-style shoes are made to fit wide feet. Explore our selection of shoes to find one for any activity or lifestyle. Men’s Barefoot Shoes | Women’s Barefoot Shoes The content of this post does not constitute and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions or concerns you may have about your health or a medical condition.
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Foot Recovery Tips from a Functional Podiatrist

Foot Recovery Tips from a Functional Podiatrist

Dr Emily Splichal - Xero Shoes Partner Our feet carry us through life, supporting our weight and keeping us on the move. They carry us through our day to day, but we often don’t appreciate them until they start to ache or become injured. Research suggests that up to 87% of people will experience foot pain at some point in their lives. This number is so high not only due to the amount of repetitive stress our feet encounter on a daily basis. From overly supportive shoes to a gradual weakening of the foot with age, we need to be proactive in our foot health to prevent this high risk of foot injury. As a functional podiatrist, I strongly believe in the power of daily foot recovery, foot strengthening exercises and smart footwear choices to offset daily repetitive foot stress and to make a lasting impact on foot health and movement longevity. In this blog, we will explore an example of a daily routine to help you take steps towards improved foot health. Morning As you wake up each morning, this is the perfect time to also wake up your feet and align your foot posture, allowing you to better react and respond to each step throughout the day. First, start each day by releasing your feet for just a couple minutes with the Naboso Neuro Ball. This innovative product is unlike any foot release tool in that it is not only a ball but it also splits open to make two domes. In addition, both domes are covered with a patented texture which uniquely stimulates the nerves in the bottom of the feet. To begin, follow this simple 5 point foot release where you stand on specific points on the bottom of your foot for 30 seconds - allowing for pin point acupressure stimulation along the muscles of the feet. After releasing the feet, I like to go directly into an exercise called forward lean. This is a foot posture activation exercise that takes less than 30 seconds to do.  Start by standing with the feet shoulder width apart and find the foot tripod under the 1st metatarsal head, 5th metatarsal head and heel. Lift the toes, spread that out as wide as you can, then place them back down onto the floor. Slightly lift the arch of the foot by rotating externally in the hips. Now that your base is stable, stand tall with your arms by your side. Imagine you are stiff as a board. Staying stiff as a board, slightly lean the body forward until you feel the toes push down into the ground. Return to the starting position and relax the feet. Repeat 5 times to sufficiently wake up the foot muscles for your day. During the Day In an ideal world, work would do itself and we would be able to just live our lives as our feet take care of themselves. While this isn’t fully possible, there are tools that make it almost that easy! Stay connected to your feet with no effort at all by wearing minimal footwear and sensory-stimulating insoles or socks. Evidence suggests that our foot muscles respond to sensory stimulation, so by reducing cushion in our shoes it could help strengthen our feet and support our body alignment. A combination of Xero Shoes plus the Naboso Activation insoles creates an environment of maximum sensory stimulation and therefore could help support overall foot health. Evening At the end of a long day, we all just want to kick our feet up and relax. However, just taking pressure off of our feet may not be enough to fully recover the 26 muscles in the bottom of our feet. A great way to passively restore your foot shape and stretch your toes is toe spacers. Toe spacers such as Splay by Naboso, gently realign the toes to their natural position, improving foot function and minimizing arch pain. Whether you want to wear toe spacers while relaxing on the couch or walking around your home, toe spacers are fast becoming one of the fastest-growing foot recovery trends as featured in a recent Wall Street Journal article. To learn more, you can watch a recent lecture I gave about the science of toe spacers. Conclusion There are many options available to help boost your foot recovery and offset foot pain. Remember, the more consistent you can be in your daily foot habits the better the results you will see! By starting with these tools and exercises, you’ll be fast on your way to the results you want. About the Author/Bio: Dr Emily Splichal, Functional Podiatrist and Human Movement Specialist, is the Founder of EBFA Global, Author of Barefoot Strong and CEO/Founder of Naboso Technology. With over 23 years in the fitness industry, Dr Splichal has dedicated her medical career towards studying postural alignment and human movement as it relates to barefoot science, foot to core integration and sensory integration.
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A Podiatrist Explains How Shoes Impact Your Foot Health

A Podiatrist Explains How Shoes Impact Your Foot Health

Massachusetts-based podiatrist Dr. Alissa Kuizinas (and Xero Shoes Partner) has more than a medical perspective on footwear. She struggled with foot discomfort for years. With each step she took, her big toe would jam against the inside of her shoes – “even with my ‘good shoes’ on,” she recalls. The $133 billion shoe industry has footwear specialized for every situation. Workout shoes. Hiking boots. Running shoes. Even walking shoes. And the solution to foot problems? The typical suggestion is more cushion, more support, and a more rigid structure to immobilize your foot. But is that the right approach to shoes? Your Foot Issues Might Be a Shoe Problem “Traditional medicine would recommend that I wear custom orthotics, limit my activity and wear stiff-soled shoes until the pain becomes bad enough to require surgery,” Dr. Kuizinas says. “I knew there had to be a better solution.” The deeper this foot doctor delved, the more she found that her feet weren’t the problem. It was her shoes! “Even though shoe companies spend millions of dollars on technology and design development, the shoes they produce and sell are doing a major disservice to human feet,” she explains. “From cushioning to heel-toe drops, stiff soles to narrow toe boxes, nearly every aspect of a modern shoe has a negative impact on foot movement. It leads to an epidemic of dysfunctional, weak, and malfunctioning feet. And most of us aren’t even aware this is happening!” Get Out of the Way of Your Feet “The primary purpose of shoes is to protect our feet from the elements and from different surfaces,” Dr. Kuizinas says. “They’re for when we are out in the world walking on a slippery or wet surface. Ultimately, shoes are really there JUST for that purpose. They don’t need to be bulky and restrictive, or supporting our feet. Our feet are designed to support themselves!” Think of any muscle in your body. If you use it, work it, and challenge it, what happens? It gets stronger. And if you don’t use it, or even worse, immobilize it, it gets weaker. The same is true of the muscles in your feet. Your Feet Are Made to Be Strong Your feet are made to support the entire weight of your body. They’re meant to be strong. For them to maintain that strength, they need to work. And that means your shoes shouldn’t be doing their work for them. So… why not just walk barefoot all the time? Research supports the idea of slight “protection” being beneficial. A study comparing outdoor barefoot walking with minimalist footwear found that the shoes improved walking form in both younger and older adults, and reduced risk of falling. Dr. Kuizinas recommends a ‘as little shoe as possible’ approach to footwear, putting the focus on building resilient, capable feet.“Rather than building up the shoe to try to externally support the foot and limit motion, minimalist shoes get out of the way of our feet,” she says. “They allow feet to function naturally, to move and bend. The transition to minimalist shoes involves stripping down the unnecessary and harmful components of modern shoes so that feet can be feet again!” When working with clients today, Dr. Kuizinas shies away from the term “minimalist shoes.” Instead, she likes to talk about “functional shoes” or “natural shoes.” “Natural footwear is really on the leading edge of shoe technology,” she says. “By stripping away the unnecessary and downright harmful features of shoes, we allow feet to function effortlessly as they were designed to!” And when we do that, we give our feet the chance to grow strong and capable... the core of good foot health. How to Find a “Functional” Shoe that Supports Good Foot Health Dr. Kuizinas has a three-point checklist of what she looks for in a functional shoe, which not-so-coincidentally match up with the three major functions of the human foot during walking. “The foot has three jobs: to be a ‘mobile adaptor’ or shock absorber when it first hits the ground, to be a rigid lever during push-off, and to be a sensor of the environment,” she explains. “As long as it can do these three things, it will function well.”Here’s how she says those functions should be reflected in the shoes you wear: Wide Toe Box: “Functional sneakers should have a wide, foot-shaped toe box. They’re broad enough to allow our big toe to sit in a proper alignment.” Flat & Flexible Soles: “Our feet contain 26 bones and 33 joints. And joints are designed to move! A flexible sole allows for natural foot movement. By contrast, stiff and rigid shoes with elevated heels prevent the joints from fully moving through their range of motion and limit the foot.” Minimal cushion and support: “A functional shoe should be only as cushioned as you really need. Overly cushioned shoes dampen your perception of what’s going on with your feet, and your ability to walk well.” If you follow these simple standards, you’ll find shoes that support your foot health by not doing so much to support your feet! Be Patient and Build Up to Barefoot Both from her personal experience and in her professional practice, Dr. Kuizinas recommends being patient when it comes to transitioning to full-time “functional” footwear. In the early days, she recommended a one-two approach of wearing functional shoes primarily for low-impact activities like walking and running errands, while also going barefoot around the house to help build resilience in the feet and ankles. “As your foot function improves, you’ll be able to tolerate less arch supportive shoes for greater amounts of time,” she explains.In not too much time, you’ll find yourself able to enjoy walking, running, hiking, and anything else you love to do more... because you’ll feel steadier and more stable on your feet. Click Here to Find the Best Barefoot Shoe For You.
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The little lie of barefoot running

As the barefoot running boom continues to explode, it’s important that we debunk the mythology that’s sprung up and face some facts. And perhaps the most obvious fact is this: If you run with anything between your skin and the ground, you are not barefoot runner. Let me say that again. If you wear Vibram Fivefingers, New Balance Minimus, Merrell Trail Gloves, Altra Adams, Vivobarefoot shoes, Newtons, Inov8 shoes, even our Invisible Shoes huaraches running sandals, you are not a barefoot runner. I don’t care if your previous shoes were padded stilts and your new shoes are a “zero-drop” natural movement minimalist shoe, if you’ve got something on your feet you’re not barefoot running. Barefoot running means that you run in bare feet. Period. Now, don’t get me wrong, I’m not saying that if you’ve just spent $125 on your Vibram Bikilas you need to throw them away, or that if there’s a barefoot running Meetup you can’t be part of the cool clique. And I’m not saying everyone needs to be barefoot. And, clearly, I'm not saying "don't buy Xero Shoes" ;-) But it’s important that we differentiate actual barefoot running from minimalist running. Why? Because more often than some would like to admit, barefoot running and minimalist running do not produce the same results. The promise of barefoot running is that the sensations you get when your skin contacts the ground — often known as pain — teach you proper running form. That is, if you change your form to make the pain go away, you’ll have a more efficient, lighter, easier stride, and you’ll be able to run pain-free for life. Anything that you put on your feet reduces the amount of sensation you feel and can interfere with the feedback loop that barefoot running gives which produces those benefits. Again, I’m not saying that you don’t get feedback from minimalist shoes. You certainly get more than you do when you’ve got 2″ of padding in your  Nike I Can’t Feel The Grounds. As the developer of Xero Shoes, I know hundreds of people who switched to our sandals, improved their barefoot running form, eliminated life-long aches and pains, and now enjoy running ultra-marathons. As one of our early customers put it, "Xero Shoes are just like being barefoot... if they covered the world in a thin layer of comfortable rubber." But, I’ve also met a LOT people who bought a pair of Vibrams or Merrells (or any other minimalist shoe), soon became injured, and now tell everyone they know that “barefoot running” is dangerous… and they’ve never run barefoot! I’ve been on a number of barefoot running panel discussions and, inevitably, there will be some number of doctors, physical therapists, podiatrists and other medical professionals who say, smugly, “Hey, stick with this barefoot running thing. All the people getting hurt by doing it are putting my kids through college!” Before they can finish chuckling, I fire back: Me: “You know, of course, that all you guys made the exact same joke 40 years ago when running shoes were invented, right? And you know that people who have no problems running barefoot — and ones who get cured of injuries by running barefoot — will not come to see you, right?” Them: “Uh…” Then I pull out the bigger guns: “And when a patient tells you they got hurt from barefoot running, did you ask if they were actually in bare feet? Did you check to see if they simply over-trained by doing too much, too soon? And, maybe most importantly, did you take a video of them running so you could analyze their form and see if they were simply using the same injury-producing mechanics they used when they wore shoes? Or did you see if they were trying to stay on their toes, putting extra strain on their calves and Achilles, because they have a mistaken ideas about proper barefoot form?” Them: “Uh…” Barefoot running is more than switching to a minimalist shoe. And it’s more than simply removing your shoes. Don’t believe me? Go to a barefoot running event, find the people in their minimalist shoes, and see which ones are still landing on their heels, as if they’re still in motion controlled running shoes. In fact, be on the lookout for runners who are actually barefoot doing the same thing! Some of us are either unable to feel those important form-changing sensations, or unable (without coaching) to actually make form changes in order to find a painless way of moving. For an example of this, check out Pete Larson's video of the recent NYC Barefoot Run. Most of the VFF wearers, and a handful of barefoot runners are still landing on their heels. (I was there and noticed the same thing, but I didn't have the brains to video tape it... so, Thanks, Pete!) Let’s wrap this up with a wish: If you’re one of those “barefoot” runners who has never run barefoot, I can’t encourage you enough to try it. Don’t think there’s some transition you need to go through before you’re “ready.” Ironically, the best advice I can give you is: Just Do It! Get on a good clean hard surface (a bike path is great, streets work too) and go for a run. Listen to your feet, if they hurt, try to move in some different way so that they don’t. And if you can’t figure out how, then stop and try again another day. Don’t think you need to build up callouses; none of us who successfully run barefoot have any (they’re another sign that you’re doing something wrong). If you can find a coach or some training, get some guidance. Report back here with what you discover. The goal is not to be barefoot all the time. The goal is to be flexible. To be able to run comfortably, easily, and enjoyably under any circumstance. To know when barefoot is the best option and when something under your feet is called for. I wear my Xero Shoes for all my walking, hiking, and getting into restaurants. I'm barefoot for a lot of my sprinting training. But, hey, I still wear running shoes, too… when I have to shovel a 2′ Colorado snowfall. The content of this post does not constitute and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions or concerns you may have about your health or a medical condition.

Orthotics vs. Barefoot Running

Orthotics vs. Barefoot Running

The only time I've worn anything other than my huaraches or my sprinting spikes in the last 16 months has been the 3 times I put on my old running shoes... so I could shovel snow. Those shoes have my $200 orthotics in them. And each time I've put them on, I have the same thought, "Geez, my foot can't even move. How did I wear these?" Often, when I'm out and about, someone will see my Xero Shoes and say, "Those look great, but I can't wear them. I need orthotics." "I used to think the same thing," I reply. "But let me ask you something. When has putting a cast on a limb and immobilizing it made it stronger?" "Well... never," they say, not wanting to admit the obvious fatal flaw in their reasoning. "Right. So you put a cast on your foot, called an orthotic, it gets weaker. Then you need a new cast to handle how much weaker you've gotten, and then... Oh, by the way," I mention, "you had your orthotic made while you were standing on a flat surface, didn't you?" "Yes." "Look at the shape of your shoe. Is it flat?" "Uh... no." "Because of how the shape of the shoe influences the way you move, you really need a different orthotic for each shoe. And it needs to be fitted based on how you move in that shoe, not how you stand, motionless, on the ground." "Hmmm..." I can see the glimmer of realization in their eyes. Well, now I have new ammunition in my anti-orthotic holster, an article in the New York Times by one of my favorite science writers, Gina Kolata: Close Look at Orthotics Raises a Welter of Doubts Let me give you a few highlights: Shoe inserts or orthotics may be helpful as a short-term solution, preventing injuries in some athletes. But it is not clear how to make inserts that work. The idea that they are supposed to correct mechanical-alignment problems does not hold up. Kinda sums it up, yes? Just wait, there's more.  Gina interviews the top orthotics researcher, Benno M. Nigg, who says this about a man named Jason's flat feet: There is no need to “correct” a flat foot. All Jason needs to do is strengthen his foot and ankle muscles and then try running. without orthotics. Who knew? ;-) Well, *I* did... I've had really flat feet my whole life... until I started running and walking barefoot. Now I have some arch in my foot. BTW, I'm legally required to say that barefoot running shoes and sandals are not a medical treatment, I'm not a doctor, nor am I able to promise that by going without shoes you will develop arches in your feet. That said, do some Googling and you'll hear a lot of similar stories. Do with that what you will. Sometimes people with high arches give me the same story. "I need support because my arches are so high." Just because they're high, doesn't mean they're strong, especially if you've been supporting them all your life... remember the cast analogy. Now I'm not going to say that orthotics don't do something. But the question is: What do they do? How do they  do it? And are they really helping? Dr. Joseph Hamill responds, in Gina's article: I guess the main thing to note is that, as biomechanists, we really do not know how orthotics work. Results from his studies cause Dr. Nigg to add: There was no way to predict the effect of a given orthotic. Hey, I'm not here to make anyone throw away their high-priced foot supports even though I haven't worn mine since 2009. But I am here to inspire a bit of wondering, a bit of curiosity, a bit of common sense, and a bit of critical thinking. Man lived without orthotics for a LOOOONG time. That doesn't mean they couldn't have benefited from them. But it means they got along without them. Maybe you can too. It doesn't cost much -- in time or dollars -- to set up an experiment for one. The content of this post does not constitute and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions or concerns you may have about your health or a medical condition.

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Running Sandals for Health!

Yet another study showing how running sandals and barefoot running could be better for your body! Flip-flops and sneakers with flexible soles are easier on the knees than clogs or even special walking shoes, a study by Rush University Medical Center has found. And that's important, because loading on the knee joints is a key factor in the development of osteoarthritis. The study has been published online in the journal Arthritis Care & Research. "Traditionally, footwear has been engineered to provide maximum support and comfort for the foot, with little attention paid to the biomechanical effects on the rest of the leg," said Dr. Najia Shakoor, a rheumatologist at Rush and the primary author of the study. "But the shoes we wear have a substantial impact on the load on the knee joints, particularly when we walk." "Our study demonstrated that flat, flexible footwear significantly reduces the load on the knee joints compared with supportive, stable shoes with less flexible soles." Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and a significant source of disability and impaired quality of life. A higher-than-normal load on the knees during walking is a hallmark of the disease, associated with both the severity of osteoarthritis and its progression. Shakoor and her colleagues analyzed the gait of 31 patients with symptoms of osteoarthritis in the Rush Motion Analysis Lab while they walked barefoot and with four popular shoe types: Dansko clogs, which are often worn by healthcare professionals who have to be on their feet much of the day; Brooks Addiction stability shoes, which are prescribed for foot comfort and stability; Puma H-Street shoes, a flat athletic shoe with flexible soles; and flip-flops. The loads on the knee joints differed significantly depending on the footwear. For the clogs and stability shoes, the loads on the knee joints were up to 15 percent greater than with the flat walking shoes, flip-flops or barefoot walking. Knee loading was roughly the same whether the subject wore flips-flops or walked barefoot. "Currently, knee braces and wedged orthotic shoe inserts are used to relieve the load on the knee joints of patients with osteoarthritis, but everyday footwear is also a factor to consider. The results in our study demonstrate that the reduction in load achieved with different footwear, from 11 to 15 percent, is certainly comparable to reduction in load with braces and shoe inserts ," Shakoor said. According to Shakoor, several aspects of footwear affect the joint loading. "Heel height is one factor, and may explain why the stability shoes and clogs in our study, both of which had higher heels, produced greater knee loads," Shakoor said. "Stiffness is also a factor. We've shown in earlier studies that barefoot walking is associated with lower knee loads than walking with conventional footwear. It may be that the flexible movement of the bare foot is mechanically advantageous. The natural flex of the foot when it contacts the ground probably attenuates the impact on the joint, compared to the artificial 'stomping' movement created by a stiff-soled shoe." In the present study, Shakoor said, flip-flops and the walking shoe were flat, flexible and lightweight and seemed to mimic the mechanics when walking with bare feet. "Clogs and stability shoes, conventionally believed to provide appropriate cushioning and support, actually increased the loading on the knee joints, as opposed to shoes with less 'support,' flatter heels and more flexibility," Shakoor said. Shakoor cautioned, however, that knee loading is not the only consideration in any clinical recommendations based on her study. "For the elderly and infirm individuals, flip-flops could contribute to falls because of their loose-fitting design. Factors like these need to be taken into account," Shakoor said. Other researchers at Rush involved in the study were Dr. Mondira Sengupta, Dr. Kharma Foucher, Markus Wimmer, PhD, Louis Fogg, PhD, and Dr. Joel Block. Funding was provided by a grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. Source Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois The content of this post does not constitute and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions or concerns you may have about your health or a medical condition.